اساسيات الطب
1027
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الدكتور هيثم
1
Main Objective:
Learn Medical Terminology
Even to a native English speakers, new medical students often bewildered by strange
medical Terms, its spelling and pronunciation
Why ?
Approximately 75% of Medical Terms are based on either Greek or Latin
Origins of medical language
Current medical vocabulary includes terms built from Greek and Latin word parts, some
which were used by Hippocrates and Aristotle over 2000 years ago.
Use proper medical terminology to communicate with other health care
professinolas Example of medical term you may hear from your collogue
What???????
Don’t be shocked. The subjects is simpler than what you think !!!!!. You need to learn
the principles of building and analyzing medical term.
Why we use strange terms?
اساسيات
الطب
Fahad A.
LEC. 1 (6)
د. هيثم
Medical Terminology
2
Objectives of the course
Upon completion of this unit you will be able to:
˛Identify and define the four component of medical terms
˛ Analyze and define medical terms
˛ Build medical terms for given definitions
Word Parts / Building Blocks of medical term
Medical terms are built from word parts with some or all of the following components:
1. Word roots
2. Suffixes
3. Prefixes
4. Combining vowels
5.comining forms
How to Define Medical Terms
Terms can easily be defined by determining the meaning of their parts.
Read left to right, but define by interpreting the suffix, then the prefix, then the
combining form.
e.g. Define heminephrectomy?
prefix
Root
suffix
hemi-
neph
-ectomy
(Half)
(Kidney)
(Removal)
Then heminephrectomy means Remove half of kidney
3
Word root
The word root is the central and foundation of the medical term Usually indicates the part of the
body involved All medical terms must have one or more word roots
combining vowel
∑ Usually an ‘o’ and occasionally an ‘I’
∑ Has no meaning of its own
∑ Makes pronunciation easier
∑ Can be found between word roots
∑ Can be found between word roots and a suffix
When a vowel is added to a root word, it is called a combining form
Examples of combining form according to systems
1-
Combining form for Body Systems Cardiovascular
angi/o
vessel
aorto/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
cardi/o
heart
coron/o
heart
phleb/o
vein
ven/o
vein
2- Combining form for Body Systems
Digestive
an/o
anus
append/o
appendix
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
col/o
colon
duoden/o
duodenum
esophag/o
esophagus
4
gastr/o
stomach
hepat/o
liver
ile/o
ileum
jejun/o
jejunum
or/o
mouth
pancreat/o
pancreas
pharyng/o
pharynx
proct/o
aus and rectum
rect/o
rectum
sigmoid/o
sigmoid
stomat/o
mouth
3- Combining form for Body Systems Endocrine
adren/o
adrenal
hypophys/o
pituitary
oophor/o
ovary
ovari/o
ovarian
orchi/o
testis
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathyroid/o parathyroid
pituitar/o
pituitary
thym/o
thymus
thyroid/o
thyroid
4- Combining form for Body Systems Reproductive
cervic/o
cervix
vagin/o
vagina
hyster/o
uterus
mamm/o
breast
uter/o
uterine
oophor/o
ovary
salping/o fallopian tube
balan/o
penis
orch/o
testis
prostat/o
prostate
scrot/o
scrotum
5
5- Combining form for Body Systems Skeletal
arthr/o
joint
chondr/o
cartilage
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
ligament/o
ligament
my/o
muscle
muscul/o
muscle
myel/o
bone marrow
oste/o
bone
pelv/o
pelvis
vertebr/o
vertebra
6-
Combining form for Body Systems Respiratory
alveol/o
alveolar
bronch/o bronchial tube
cyan/o
blue
laryng/o
larynx
nas/o
nose
rhin/o
nose
pharyng/o
pharynx
phren/o
diaphragm
pneumon/o
lung
tonsill/o
tonsils
trache/o
trachea
7- Combining form for Body Systems Urinary
cyst/o
urinary bladder
nephr/o
kidney
ren/o
renal
pyl/o
renal pelvis
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
8- Combining form for Body Systems Nervous
cerebell/o
cerebellum
cerebr/o
cerebrum
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encephal/o
brain
medull/o
medulla
myel/o
spinal cord
neur/o
nerve
9- Combining form for Body Systems Miscellaneous
aur/o
ear
ot/o
ear
cutane/o
skin
derm/o
skin
myring/o
eardrum
ocul/o
eye
onych/o
nail
ophthalm/o
eye
pil/o
hair
retin/o
retina
trich/o
hair
ungu/o
nail
Prefixes
Syllable located at the beginning of a word Changes the meaning of the word Usually
indicates a number, time, position, direction, color, size etc. or sense of negation
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Prefixes of position
8
Prefixes of direction
Prefixes of direction
Miscellaneous prefixes
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Suffixes
Suffix is the word part attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning.
The suffix usually indicates the surgical procedure, diagnosis & pathology.
All medical terms must have a suffix.
Surgical suffixes
Diagnostic suffixes
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Pathology- related suffixes
Pluralizing medical term
If singular form of term end in ------ , the plural is usually formed by changing to
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Suffixes
Suffix – Noun
Suffixes – Adjective
Edited by
:-
fahad A.
2017-2-6