Nutrition pptx - D. Muslim

ThiQar college of MedicineFamily & Community medicine dept.

Nutrition Lecture 3 Third stage by: Dr. Muslim N. SaeedApril 9th ,2020

Vitamins & minerals

Vitamins are essential organic nutrients, required in small amounts, that can not be synthesized by the body.- required for growth maintenance, reproduction and lactation.
Vitamins are either:
1. Fat soluble vitamin: a vitamin that can be stored and accumulated in the liver and other fatty tissues.
2. Water soluble vitamin: a vitamin that can not be stored in the tissues. Must be provided regularly as deficiencies can develop in a short time.

Vitamin supplements:

Antioxidants

What are antioxidants?Substances that fight free-radicals in our bodies.-free radicals are compounds within our bodies that may lead to chronic disease and/or are involved in cell tissue damage.Examples of vitamins that contain antioxidants are .. C, E , and Beta Carotene.

Water soluble vitaminsvitamin C , and B-vitamns

Vitamin B1 (thiamine):-

-Unstable at high temperature . *Adult RDA =1 mg/day for men
-Destroyed by alkaline materials. 0.8 mg/day for women
Vitamin B1 deficiency usually presented as :
1.Affection of children growth.
2.Neuritis.
3.Irritability and depression (psychological symptoms)
4.Beriberi disease
-Wet type (in cases of extreme deficiency)
-Dry type

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin):Sources are liver ,meat , eggs and milk.

Vitamin B3(Niacin):

Food sources of vitamin B3

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine):

Food sources of vitamin B6

Vitamin B9( Folate, Folic acid):

Effect of Folate deficiency:

Vitamin B12(Cobalamin):

-Its deficiency lead to pernicious anemia.
-Its liver store depleted in 3-6years.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid , ascorbate)

Lipid soluble vitamins
A, K, E, D vitamins

Vitamin A (retinol)

Sources of vitamin A

Vitamin K

Sources of vitamin K

Green leafy vegetables: kale, spinach, broccoli, cabbage, lettuces
Soybean and canola oil. Smaller amounts in meat, cheese, eggs.
*Because vitamin K is fat-soluble, it is best to eat vitamin K foods with some fat to improve absorption.
Signs of Deficiency
-Vitamin K deficiency in adults is rare.
-A deficiency is possible in newborn infants because vitamin K does not cross the placenta, and breast milk contains a low amount, so all newborn should be given vitamin K injection immediately after birth.
1.A longer time for blood to clot or a prolonged prothrombin time.
2.Bleeding
3.Osteopenia or osteoporosis

Vitamin E

Sources of vitamin E

Vitamin E is found in plant-based oils, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables.

Signs of Deficiency

*Deficiency is rare. People who do not absorb fat properly (e.g., pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease) can develop a vitamin E deficiency.
The following are common signs of a deficiency:
1.Retinopathy (damage to the retina of the eyes that can impair vision)
2.Peripheral neuropathy (damage to the peripheral nerves, usually in the hands or feet, causing weakness or pain)
3.Ataxia (loss of control of body movements)
4.Decreased immune function

Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) Vitamin D is both a nutrient we eat and a hormone our bodies make.*Few foods naturally contain vitamin D. *For most people, the best way to get enough vitamin D is taking a supplement because it is hard to eat enough through food. *Vitamin D supplements are available in two forms: vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol, or pre-vitamin D produces in plants),) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, produces in animals including human).

*Vitamin D production in the skin is primary natural source of vitamin D, but many people have insufficient levels because they live in places where sunlight is limited in winter or have limited sun exposure due to being inside much of the time.
*Also, people with darker skin tend to have lower blood levels of vitamin D because the pigment (melanin) acts like a shade, reducing production of vitamin D.

Functions of Calcitriol ; (is the active form of vitamin D)
1. Brain development and function
2.Heart function
3.Blood pressure & blood vessel integrity.
4.Pancreatic B-cell function and Insulin secretion.
5.Calcium & phosphorus uptake & reabsorption.
6.Reduces colon & skin cancer.
7.Increase bone growth & mineral density.
8.Immune function & anti-inflammatory.
9.Muscles strength
10. Increase Melanin.