Gross Anatomy and Functional Localization
Done by
Dr.Rafid Remthan Al-Temimi
Clinical Radiology
CAMB,DMRD,M.B.Ch.B.,.
المرحلة
:
الثانية
المادة
:
التشريح
ج
امعة ذي قار
/
كلية الطب
الدكتور
رافد رمثان التميمي
• 3 PARTS :
• MIDBRAIN
• PONS
•
MEDULLA OBLANGATA
• HAS 3 BROAD FUNCTIONS –
– Serves as a conduit for the ascending & descending tracts
– Contains important reflex centers(RS.CVS)
– Control of consciousness
– Contains cranial nerves nuclei (CN3-CN12)
Brainstem occupies the posterior
cranial fossa of the
skull
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
2
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
3
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
Early on in development, the neural tube forms three outpouchings
called
the primary brain vesicles
.
1.
The
Prosencephalon
will form --------------------the forebrain.
2.
The
Mesencephalon
will form --------------------the midbrain.
3.
The
Rhombencephalon
will form-----------------the hindbrain.
Shortly after these form, in the fifth week of gestation, the prosencephalon and
rhombencephalon undergo further divisions, such that :
1. The
Prosencephalon
gives rise to the
Telencephalon
and
Diencephalon
.
2. The
Rhombencephalon
gives rise to the
Metencephalon
and
Myelencephalon
.
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Myelencephalon
Metencephalon
4
MIDBRAIN
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
Mesencephalon
5
VENTRAL SURFACE
Optic tract
Mammillary body
Posterior perforated substance
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Interpedencular fossa
Crus cerebri of midbrain
MIDBRAIN
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
6
MIDBRAIN
(Dorsal surface)
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
7
BLOOD SUPPLY OF MIDBRAIN
• ARTERIAL SUPPLY:
• Posterior cerebral
artery.
• Superior cerebellar
artery.
• VENOUS PLEXUS:
• Basal vein.
• Great cerebral vein.
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
8
PONS
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
Metencephalon
9
PONS
Basilar groove
Motor root of trigeminal nerve
Sensory root of trigeminal nerve
Abducent nerve
Roots of facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
(Ventral view)
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, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
10
PONS
Trochlear nerve
Superior medullary velum
Median sulcus
Medial eminence
Sulcus limitans
Facial colliculus
Vestibular area
Striae medullaris
Hypoglossal triangle
Vagal traingle
Floor of 4
th
ventricle
(dorsal view)
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2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
11
BLOOD SUPPLY OF PONS
• ARTERIAL SUPPLY:
• Pontine branches of
basilar artery.
• Superior cerebellar
artery.
• Anterior inferior
cerebellar artery.
• VENOUS SUPPLY:
• Basilar venous plexus.
• Inferior petrosal
sinuses.
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
12
MEDULLA OBLANGATA
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
Myelencephalon
13
(Medulla)
• On the anterior surface of the medulla is
the anterior median fissure (Continuous
with the AMF of the spinal cord)
• PYRAMIDS
( decussation of the pyramids)
in lower portion.
• OLIVES
(Inferior olivary nuclei lies
beneath them)
• INFERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE
• HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (XII)
( groove between the pyramids & olives
)
The Anterior Surface
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
14
THE ANTERIOR SURFACE (medulla)
• From the grove between the olives
& the inferior cerebellar peduncle,
emerge the nerve roots of
:
– Glossopharyngeal (IX)
– Vagus (X)
– Accessory nerve (XI) –
Cranial roots
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
15
THE POSTERIOR SURFACE (medulla)
• Superior half :
FLOOR OF THE
4
TH
VENTRICLE
• Inferior half :
POSTERIOR
MEDIAN SULCUS (PMS)
• GRACILE TUBERCLE
(Produced by underlying
gracile nucleus)
•
CUNEATE TUBERCLE
(Produced by underlying
cuneate nucleus)
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
16
BLOOD SUPPLY OF MEDULLA
• ARTERIAL SUPPLY:
• Medullary br. of vertebral
artery.
• Medullary br. Of basilar
artery.
• Posterior inferior cerebellar
artery.
• Anterior spinal artery.
• VENOUS SUPPLY:
• Basilar venous plexus.
• Inferior petrosal sinus.
• Occipital sinus.
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
17
FUNCTION OF THE BRAINSTEM
•
Visual & auditory processing and reflexes
•
Fine-tuning of voluntary movements
•
Relay station for cerebellum
•
Control of sub-conscious movement
•
Control of cardiovascular functions
•
Control of respiration
•
Control of gastrointestinal functions
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
18
What brainstem
structures are visible
here?
PONS
MEDULLA
MID BRAIN
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,
2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
19
Cranial Nerves
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
20
Dr.Rafid Remthan AL-Temimi,Clinical Radiology,CAMB, 2020
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
21
THANK YOU
University Of Thi-Qar
College Of medicine
Anatomy lecture . 2
nd
stage
Dr.Rafid Al-Temimi
Take it easy to well be easy
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