A course in medical terminology docx - د. هيثم بدر

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د.هيثم بدر medical terminology 18/1/2016
Main Objective:Learn Medical Terminology
Even to a native English speakers, new medical students often bewildered by strange medical Terms, its spelling and pronunciation

Why ?Approximately 75% of Medical Terms are based on either Greek or Latin

Origins of medical language

Current medical vocabulary includes terms built from Greek and Latin word parts, some which were used by Hippocrates and Aristotle over 2000 years ago.

Use proper medical terminology to communicate with other health care professinolas
Example of medical term you may hear from your collogue
I think he need Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
What???????
Don’t be shocked. The subjects is simpler than what you think !!!!!. You need to learn the principles of building and analyzing medical term.

Why we use strange terms?

Objectives of the course

Upon completion of this unit you will be able to:
Identify and define the four component of medical terms
Analyze and define medical terms
Build medical terms for given definitions

Word Parts / Building Blocks of medical term

Medical terms are built from word parts with some or all of the following components:
1. Word roots
2. Suffixes
3. Prefixes
4. Combining vowels
5.comining forms
How to Define Medical Terms

Terms can easily be defined by determining the meaning of their parts.

Read left to right, but define by interpreting the suffix, then the prefix, then the combining form.
e.g. Define heminephrectomy?

prefix Root suffix

hemi- neph -ectomy
(Half) (Kidney) (Removal)

Then heminephrectomy means Remove half of kidney

Word root
The word root is the central and foundation of the medical term Usually indicates the part of the body involved All medical terms must have one or more word roots

Gastr-Cardi-Arth-Ophthal-Nephr-StomachHeartJointEyeKidney=====

combining vowel
Usually an ‘o’ and occasionally an ‘I’
Has no meaning of its own
Makes pronunciation easier
Can be found between word roots
Can be found between word roots and a suffix
When a vowel is added to a root word, it is called a combining form

Examples of combining form according to systems

Combining form for Body Systems Cardiovascular

angi/o vessel
aorto/o aorta
arteri/o artery
cardi/o heart
coron/o heart
phleb/o vein
ven/o vein
2- Combining form for Body Systems Digestive

an/o anus

append/o appendix
cholecyst/o gallbladder
col/o colon
duoden/o duodenum
esophag/o esophagus
gastr/o stomach
hepat/o liver
ile/o ileum
jejun/o jejunum
or/o mouth
pancreat/o pancreas
pharyng/o pharynx
proct/o aus and rectum
rect/o rectum
sigmoid/o sigmoid
stomat/o mouth
3- Combining form for Body Systems Endocrine

adren/o adrenal
hypophys/o pituitary
oophor/o ovary
ovari/o ovarian
orchi/o testis
pancreat/o pancreas
parathyroid/o parathyroid
pituitar/o pituitary
thym/o thymus
thyroid/o thyroid

4- Combining form for Body Systems Reproductive

cervic/o cervix
vagin/o vagina
hyster/o uterus
mamm/o breast
uter/o uterine
oophor/o ovary
salping/o fallopian tube
balan/o penis
orch/o testis
prostat/o prostate
scrot/o scrotum

5- Combining form for Body Systems Skeletal

arthr/o joint

chondr/o cartilage
cost/o rib
crani/o skull
ligament/o ligament
my/o muscle
muscul/o muscle
myel/o bone marrow
oste/o bone
pelv/o pelvis
vertebr/o vertebra

6- Combining form for Body Systems Respiratory

alveol/o alveolar
bronch/o bronchial tube
cyan/o blue
laryng/o larynx
nas/o nose
rhin/o nose
pharyng/o pharynx
phren/o diaphragm
pneumon/o lung
tonsill/o tonsils
trache/o trachea

7- Combining form for Body Systems Urinary

cyst/o urinary bladder

nephr/o kidney
ren/o renal
pyl/o renal pelvis
ureter/o ureter
urethr/o urethra

8- Combining form for Body Systems Nervous

cerebell/o cerebellum
cerebr/o cerebrum
encephal/o brain
medull/o medulla
myel/o spinal cord
neur/o nerve

9- Combining form for Body Systems Miscellaneous

aur/o ear
ot/o ear
cutane/o skin
derm/o skin
myring/o eardrum
ocul/o eye
onych/o nail
ophthalm/o eye
pil/o hair
retin/o retina
trich/o hair
ungu/o nail

Prefixes
Syllable located at the beginning of a word Changes the meaning of the word Usually indicates a number, time, position, direction, color, size etc. or sense of negation

Numerical prefixes

Color prefixes

Prefixes of position

Prefixes of direction

Miscellaneous prefixes

Suffixes

Suffix is the word part attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning.
The suffix usually indicates the surgical procedure, diagnosis & pathology.
All medical terms must have a suffix.
Surgical suffixes